• 作者: dfmzhu
• 來(lái)源: 佛山展翅調(diào)酒師學(xué)
• 日期: 2015-03-03
• 瀏覽次數(shù): 2831 次

1. 雞尾酒是需要解答的問(wèn)題。
想想看，我怎樣才能呈現(xiàn)某種特殊的味道、結(jié)構(gòu)或外觀？我怎樣才能改善我面前的這杯酒？和其它有意義的追求一樣，調(diào)酒是持續(xù)一生的事業(yè)。你知道的越多，便會(huì)有更多的問(wèn)題。你實(shí)踐得越多，越會(huì)意識(shí)到自己的技巧有所欠缺。完美是我們的目標(biāo)，而不無(wú)幸運(yùn)地是，沒(méi)人可以做到完美。為了調(diào)出完美的金湯力，我已經(jīng)花費(fèi)了七年時(shí)間和上千塊美金；可我依舊還在探索。如果我已經(jīng)收手、已經(jīng)滿足的話，那該多無(wú)聊啊！

1. Cocktails are problems in need of solutions.
Think, How can I achieve a particular taste, texture, or look? How can I make the drink in front of me better? Taking cocktails seriously, as with all worthy inquiries, puts you on a lifelong journey. The more you know, the more questions you raise. The better a practitioner you become, the more you see the faults in your technique. Perfection is the goal, but perfection is, mercifully, unattainable. I have spent seven years and thousands of dollars on the problem of the perfect gin and tonic; I still have work to do. How boring if I were finished – if I were satisfied.

2. 像科學(xué)家一樣思考。
懂點(diǎn)科學(xué)知識(shí)很有好處。要像科學(xué)家一樣思考，這樣你會(huì)制作出更好的酒飲。你無(wú)需成為一名科學(xué)家，甚至也不需要了解太多科學(xué)知識(shí)，就能將科學(xué)方法為你所用。控制變量，觀察并檢查結(jié)果；大致上僅此而已。

2. Think like a scientist.
A little dose of science will do you good. Think like a scientist, and you will make better drinks. You don’t need to be a scientist, or even understand much science, to use the scientific method to your advantage. Control variables, observe, and test your results; that’s pretty much it.

3. 遠(yuǎn)離“分子調(diào)酒術(shù)”。
分子調(diào)酒術(shù)毫無(wú)可取之處：它只是市場(chǎng)推廣的鬼把戲而已，調(diào)出來(lái)的酒都不是很好喝，科學(xué)在這里走錯(cuò)了方向。我的指導(dǎo)方針很簡(jiǎn)單：只使用那些能改善酒飲口味的新技法和新工藝；調(diào)酒時(shí)原料種類寧少勿多；別指望客人會(huì)了解你的調(diào)酒過(guò)程而喜歡上它；成功的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是客人會(huì)不會(huì)再點(diǎn)一杯，而不是他/她認(rèn)為這款酒很“有趣”；培養(yǎng)并信任你的味覺(jué)。

3. Resist the term “molecular mixology”.
The connotations of molecular are all bad: gimmicks for gimmicks’ sake, drinks that don’t taste very good, science gone wrong. My guidelines are simple: use new techniques and technologies only when they make the drink taste better; strive to make an amazing drink with fewer rather than more ingredients; don’t expect a guest to know how you made a drink in order to enjoy it; gauge success by whether your guest orders another, not by whether he or she thinks the drink is “interesting”; build and follow your palate.

4. 我不是不開心，但我從不滿足。
精益求精。不斷挑戰(zhàn)自己——尤其是你的基本宗旨和練習(xí)——會(huì)促進(jìn)你不斷進(jìn)步，無(wú)論在吧臺(tái)后、烘箱前還是你選擇的任何領(lǐng)域。我樂(lè)于見到自己堅(jiān)信的理論被證實(shí)錯(cuò)誤。這讓我感到充滿活力、一直在學(xué)習(xí)。

4. I am not unhappy, but I am never satisfied.
There’s always a better way. Constantly questioning yourself – especially your basic tenets and practices – makes you a better person behind the bar, in front of the stove, or in whatever field you choose. I love it when my dearly held beliefs are proved wrong. It means I’m alive and still learning.

5. 學(xué)會(huì)如何妥協(xié)。
我討厭妥協(xié)。我討厭投機(jī)取巧，但有些時(shí)候不得不如此。你對(duì)每件事都要采取不妥協(xié)的態(tài)度，但被迫妥協(xié)時(shí)又知道如何將影響降到最低。你關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)永遠(yuǎn)是品質(zhì)——從原料到酒杯選擇，一絲都不可馬虎。有些人花大量時(shí)間來(lái)準(zhǔn)備調(diào)酒原料，但卻在最后一刻讓所有努力白費(fèi)，真是令人咋舌。要記住，制作過(guò)程中的任何一個(gè)步驟都可以毀掉一杯酒。身為飲品制作者，你在飲品完成之前都必須保持警戒——而身為含酒精飲品的制作者，你的職責(zé)在客人安全到家后才宣告結(jié)束。

5. Learn how to compromise.
I hate compromising. And I hate cutting corners, but sometimes I have to. You need to keep hating compromise at every turn while knowing how to compromise with minimum impact when necessary. Always be focused on the critical path to quality, from raw ingredients to the cup. I am often surprised by how much work someone will put into making ingredients for a drink, only to destroy all that work at the last moment. Remember, a drink can be ruined at any stage of its creation. Your responsibility for vigilance as a drink maker doesn’t end until the drink is finished – and your responsibility as an alcoholic-drink maker doesn’t end until the imbiber is safe and sound at home.

6. 使用高量杯。
在瘦高型量杯和矮胖型量杯之間，我永遠(yuǎn)選擇高的那個(gè)。它們可精確多了。矮量杯一毫米酒液的誤差要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于高量杯。

6. Use tall jiggers.
Given a choice between tall, skinny jiggers and short, squat jiggers, I always choose the tall. They are far more accurate. A pour that’s a millimeter higher or lower in a wide jigger constitutes a much larger error than it does in a skinny jigger.

7. 酒飲應(yīng)該按體積計(jì)算。
我是按重量烹飪的堅(jiān)定信徒，但調(diào)酒時(shí)我依據(jù)的是體積，而且你也應(yīng)該如此。對(duì)調(diào)酒師而言，飲品最終的重量并不重要，重要的是其體積。體積決定了液面離杯沿有多近。這條線叫做液面線，而保持一個(gè)合理液面線是調(diào)酒必不可少的一部分。以職業(yè)角度而言，保持酒飲的品質(zhì)穩(wěn)定至關(guān)重要。為每杯酒制定液面線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有助于肉眼檢查是否有錯(cuò)誤。如果液面線不對(duì)，那么這杯酒肯定出了點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。始終如一的液面線對(duì)客人利益也十分重要。兩位客人點(diǎn)了同一款酒，但其中一杯要更滿：酒更滿的那位客人更討你喜歡，還是你的技術(shù)不過(guò)硬？

7. Drinks should be measured by volume.
I am a big believer in cooking by weight, but I mix drinks by volume, and so should you. For the bartender, the weight of the finished beverage isn’t important, but the volume is. The volume determines how close the top of the finished drink will be to the rim of the glass. This liquid line is called the wash line, and maintaining a proper wash line is essential to good bartending. In a professional setting, it is essential that your drinks be consistent. Having standard wash lines for each drink you prepare gives you an instant visual check that everything is okay. If your wash line is wrong, something is wrong with the drink. Consistent wash lines are also important to your guests’ well-being. Two people get the same drink, but one drink sits higher in the glass: do you like the person with the taller pour more, or are your techniques just a bit shaky?

8. 鹽是個(gè)秘密武器。
鹽幾乎是我所有雞尾酒里的秘密武器。一小撮鹽可以讓任何一款含有水果、巧克力或咖啡的雞尾酒更上一層樓。我很少希望酒嘗起來(lái)是咸的，應(yīng)該品嘗不出鹽的味道。你下次調(diào)酒時(shí)可以將調(diào)好的酒分為兩杯，一杯加少許鹽，另一杯不加。品嘗它們的不同口感——從此你再也不會(huì)將鹽遺忘在角落。在家里直接加一小撮鹽也沒(méi)問(wèn)題，可在酒吧我們需要更加精確，因此我們將使用稀釋鹽水：將20克食鹽融于80毫升水（稀釋度20%）。一到兩滴這種稀釋鹽水就能為你的雞尾酒畫龍點(diǎn)睛。

8. Salt is your secret weapon.
Salt is the secret ingredient in almost all my cocktails. Any cocktail that includes fruit, chocolate, or coffee benefits from a pinch of salt. I rarely want a drink to taste salty; the salt should be subthreshold. The next time you make a cocktail, divide it into two glasses and add a pinch of salt to one glass but not the other. Taste the difference – you will never forget the salt again. At home you can get away with adding a pinch. At the bar we have to be more precise, so we use a saline solution: 20 grams of salt in 80 milliliters of water (20 per cent solution). A drop or two of this is all it takes to make a cocktail pop.

9. 別過(guò)于看重?fù)u酒技巧……
有些調(diào)酒新手被誤導(dǎo)了，他們相信搖酒是一種功夫般的藝術(shù)，經(jīng)過(guò)多年訓(xùn)練才能精通。不然。在觀摩其他一部分調(diào)酒師搖酒之后，他們或許還堅(jiān)信正確的搖酒不亞于一次有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)。同樣不然。而且他們可能以為要用最優(yōu)質(zhì)的冰塊才能做出最好的雞尾酒。（多半）不然。我要告訴你們一個(gè)好消息！使用幾乎任何種類的冰塊持續(xù)搖晃10秒以上，搖出來(lái)的酒都一樣可口和穩(wěn)定。從技術(shù)角度而言，搖酒技巧根本不重要。搖得不夠用力可能會(huì)令稀釋程度不夠，但我?guī)缀鯊奈匆娺^(guò)這種情況。另一方面，我對(duì)瘋狂式的搖酒進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)（我將其稱為“瘋猴子”），那樣發(fā)狂般地?fù)u酒并不會(huì)降低最終溫度或者提高稀釋度。只要你搖到8-12秒鐘，那么最后做出來(lái)的酒無(wú)論如何都幾乎一樣。如果你搖的時(shí)間少于8秒鐘，那么也許稀釋度不夠。如果你搖了超過(guò)12秒，幾乎沒(méi)有更多效果——不過(guò)在浪費(fèi)你的時(shí)間和精力。搖酒技巧真的不太重要，然而它會(huì)給你的風(fēng)格加分——在雞尾酒世界，你可千萬(wàn)不能忽略個(gè)人風(fēng)格。

9. Don’t hyperfocus on your shaking technique…
Some cocktail neophytes have been led to believe that shaking is a kung fu–style art whose heights can be scaled only after years of training. Not true. They might also believe, watching some bartenders shake their tins, that proper technique involves an aerobic workout. Also not true. And they may be under the impression that the best cocktails can?be achieved only with the very best ice. (Mostly) not true. Good news! Any reasonable shaking technique that lasts at least ten seconds, using almost any kind of ice, can make a delicious and consistent shaken cocktail. From a technical standpoint, your shaking technique doesn’t matter at all. It’s possible to shake so languidly?that you underdilute, but I’ve almost never seen this happen. On the flip side, my tests of a maniacal shake that I dubbed the “crazy monkey” reveal that going bonkers doesn’t decrease final temperature or increase dilution. As long as you shake for between 8 and 12 seconds, your cocktails will be about the same, no matter what you do. If you shake for less than 8, you might be underdiluted. If you shake more than 12, almost nothing additional happens – you are just wasting time and energy. Shaking technique does matter quite considerably, however, in style points – and style is not to be ignored in the cocktail world.

10. ……也別太在乎你用的冰塊了。
多年以來(lái)，我用不同種類的冰塊進(jìn)行過(guò)許多搖酒實(shí)驗(yàn)。我用分析法測(cè)量稀釋度，我用并行法嘗試口感。結(jié)果幾乎總是一致：只要你遵循幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單法則，使用的冰塊種類幾乎不會(huì)影響稀釋度。不論是酒店制冰機(jī)制作的3⁄4英寸（約20毫米）的中空冰塊，還是用Kold-Draft牌制冰機(jī)制作的11⁄4英寸（約30毫米）的固態(tài)冰塊（該品牌系列能夠制作出你能找到的幾乎所有冰），盡管冰塊表面積大不相同，但它們對(duì)雞尾酒的稀釋度幾乎一樣。訣竅是確保在搖酒前倒掉冰塊表面的化水：先在小型調(diào)酒聽內(nèi)混合所需原料，在將冰塊放入較大的搖壺內(nèi)，蓋上濾網(wǎng)后將搖壺頭朝下用力甩動(dòng)，以去除多余的水。然后將冰塊倒入小型搖壺內(nèi)搖勻。

10. …or the ice you use.
Over the years I have run many tests shaking different cocktails with different kinds of ice. I’ve measured the dilution analytically and I’ve done side-by-side taste tests. The results are almost always the same: provided you follow a few simple rules, the kind of ice you use almost never affects dilution. Any ice, from the 3⁄4-inch (20 mm) hollow cubes of hotel dispensers up to the 11⁄4-inch (30 mm) solid cubes from a Kold-Draft machine (this range includes almost all the ice you will come across), will dilute your drink the same amount, even though these cubes have radically different surface areas. The trick is to make sure you throw the surface water off the cubes before you shake: mix your cocktail in a small mixing tin, then put your ice into the larger tin, cap that tin with a strainer, and violently flick the tin downward to get rid of excess water. Put the ice into the smaller tin and shake.